Structuralism

The second main impetus for Chomsky's inspiration in the study of the transformational laws of "generative grammar" is more difficult to understand, because at first glance it seems to lead to a complete theory of fixity rather than to the concept of generation and transformation: this is the idea that grammar is rooted in reason, and in some "innate" reason. Chomsky goes a long way down this path, and in his recent book crtesian linguistics, when he analyzes the relationship between speech and "spirit," They even cite arnauld and Lancelot ( "the common grammar of the rational" (la grammaire generale et raison neede port)) and Descartes himself as distant ancestors. In fact, the transformation rules that allow the establishment of various derivative sentences are derived from the stable core sentences, and it is with reference to these core sentences that Chomsky connects them with logic (for example, the relationship between subject and predicate [press: logically translated as subject and object]). However, this does not prevent this new position (on this issue, Chomsky once said: "This position leads us back to.." An ancient tradition of thought, rather than constituting a complete innovation in the field of linguistics and psychology, has become a complete "reverse" to logical positivism: logical positivism, which was enthusiastically inherited by Bloomfield,plastic pallet supplier, attempted to attribute mathematics and logic to linguistics and the whole psychological life to discourse; The latest linguistics derives grammar from logic and derives speech from the psychological life directed by reason. This inverse relationship is also quite clear within the scope of methodology. Bach (e. Bach) in an interesting essay, written in a humble style and fair spirit, sharply criticizes logical positivism and the linguistic methods derived from it, and deeply analyses the epistemological premises of Chomsky's structuralism. The noteworthy efforts of American linguistics from 1925 to 1957, according to Bach,wholesale plastic pallet, were characterized by Bacon's methodology: the inductive accumulation of facts, the ex post facto pyramiding of more or less connected levels of various fields (phonetics, syntax, etc.), the skepticism of assumptions, and in short the distrust of ideas. Look for the "foundation" from the "prototype sentence", and so on. Bach opposed Bacon by placing Chomsky's approach under the door of Kepler; Chomsky's approach, on the contrary, held that such a "foundation" did not exist and that science required hypotheses (and even Popper [K. The kind of hypothesis mentioned under Popper: the best hypothesis is the least possible hypothesis, which can exclude the maximum number of conclusions although it is "possible to be untrue". The result is that Chomsky does not look for the attributes that can be reached by induction, plastic pallet box ,collapsible pallet box, that is, step by step, of special languages and speech in general, but instead thinks about what are the postulates of grammatical theory that are necessary and sufficient to explain the common structure of languages and to differentiate this structure according to different special languages. In fact, Chomsky is through the formalization of mathematical logic (based on the operation rule system, the function of recurrence, the code of generation, especially the primary "monad" structure based on the order and the associative law of operation), A mixture of general linguistics (based primarily on syntax as a creative component) and psycholinguistics (the speaker's unstated knowledge of his own native language), culminating in his theory of the structure of linguistics. In summary, Chomsky's concept of linguistic structure includes the following. First, a complete set of rewriting rules of the form a-> can be obtained recursively, where a represents a category symbol (sentence, etc.) And Z represents a string of one or more symbols (including new category symbols or terminal symbols). By applying the transformation operation to the list of non-terminal symbols, we get the derived sentence, and the totality of these transformation rules constitutes the generative grammar, which "can immediately establish a connection between the infinite possible combinations of semantic symbols and phonemes". This is a truly structuralist program, because it abstracts a rigorous transformation system. A more or less complex "web"); it has become an excellent tool for researchers in comparative linguistics, and the program has the great advantage of being applied both to the grammatical capacity of the individual, internalized as a speaker or hearer, and to language as an institution. A number of psycholinguists, such as Elvin (s. Ervin and Miller (w. Miller), R. brown and Berruzzi (V. Bellugi), have reconstructed "child grammar", which is unique and far from adult grammar. These genetic applications of Chomsky's structuralism deserve serious attention: first, from dwighi whitneyy (in 1867 and 1874), Durkheim, and Saussure. Under the influence of the first two, the opposition between language as a social system and individual discourse has been created, and the whole individual thinking expressed by discourse and discourse has been regarded as cast in the collective frame. These applications of Chomsky's theory have obviously eased this opposition; Secondly, because this consideration of the functional position of ontogeny is consistent with a tendency that can be noticed in very different disciplines at present: ontogeny, even if it belongs to the category of phylogeny or social development,stackable plastic pallets, always changes these categories in turn, just as Waterington conceived biology. And if we are allowed to make such a comparison, it is also in many ways like genetic epistemology. cnplasticpallet.com

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